Bringing Programming to End-User

In the 1960s, computer users were either programmers or had programmers who actually write programs specifically for them (custom-made application). Time change starting the invent of PC (Personal Computer). Instead of using custom-made application, people nowadays use a generic application to develop an application by themselves. They use the term 'end user' to refer to those who are at the end of the process of computer programming. The issue to be think by software developers is the appropriate tool for the end user to use in developing the application.

Various techniques for achieving this goal are used and can be categorized into 4 - preferences (pre-defined alternatives), scripting languages (simple programming language specifically tailoring to a particular application such as Lingo in Macromedia Director), macro readers (a way for users to record their action such as Macro in MS Word) and programming by demonstration (users instruct the system and the system creates generalized programs from the recorded actions).

Quote from “Your Wish is My Command: Programming by Example” edited by Henry Lieberman.

What do users want to program? To make little changes in an application so that it more closely fits one's personal needs; for automating repetitive activities and for building mini-applications.

Here is a link that describe the ideas of programming behind Papert's Logo environment.